A major revolution in energy and transportation
The electric vehicle revolution in India is shifting from electrified mobility to EV integration as a flexible energy source with the electrical grid. This integration is enabled via vehicle-to-grid technology (V2G) which allows for two-way power flow from the vehicle to the electrical grid. EVs (electric vehicles) are able to contribute to the national grid as mobile energy storage tools because of the ability of V2G technology (vehicle to grid technology) enabling them to play a dual role beyond just being energy consumers.
As of April 2025, India has 180 GW of renewable energy capacity (MNRE), and EV adoption is estimated to make up 30% of total vehicle sales by 2030 (NITI Aayog). The time is right to combine V2G technology and B2B energy solutions. For corporate fleet owners, utilities, smart city planners, and renewables developers, this intersection is an opportunity you cannot afford to miss. This article explored V2G technology and B2B energy solutions in the context of Andhra Pradesh.
The article reflects on the status and present where we are on the technical infrastructure and regulatory framework supporting V2G technology and B2B energy corollaries in India.
1. What is V2G Technology and Why It Matters
V2G technology enables electric vehicles—whether two-, three-, or four-wheelers—to connect with the power grid and either draw or discharge electricity as needed. This bi-directional flow offers immense advantages:
- Balancing grid load at high demand periods
- Peak shaving to minimize energy stress,
- Retaining and exporting surplus renewable energy
- Supplying ancillary grid services and frequency regulation
Overall, the Netherlands, the UK and Japan have all successfully piloted V2G technology worldwide. In India, where energy decentralization and an electrified transportation system are developing at the same time, it is apparent that V2G technology makes a lot of sense in the world of B2B energy solutions.
2. Market Readiness: India’s V2G Potential in 2025
The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) forecasts India’s power generation capacity to reach 817 GW by 2030, with over 50% from renewables. This rapid shift increases grid intermittency—an issue that V2G technology can mitigate through distributed EV storage.
Key 2025 statistics supporting V2G growth:
- 2.7 million electric two-wheelers and 1.1 million electric three-wheelers on Indian roads
- Growing fleets of e-buses and commercial EVs from OEMs like Tata Motors, Switch Mobility, and PMI Electro
- V2G-compatible smart chargers deployed by Kazam, Delta Electronics India, Fortum, and Tata Power EZ
- India’s solar capacity stands at 84 GW, creating perfect alignment for V2G technology to support solar energy dispatch
These trends make B2B energy solutions powered by V2G technology not just viable, but essential.
3. B2B Implications: Monetization and Grid Optimization
V2G technology introduces multiple revenue-generating and operational benefits for B2B energy solutions across various sectors:
a) Fleet Operators and Logistics Companies
Fleets operated by Amazon India, Flipkart, and Bluedart use EVs intensively in urban areas. During idle hours—like overnight parking—these EVs can discharge electricity back to the grid using V2G technology.
- Reduces Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)
- Supports energy arbitrage
- Enables passive revenue from energy markets
b) Utilities and DISCOMs
Distribution companies (DISCOMs) can tap into aggregated EV fleets as a mobile, flexible energy reserve.
- Offsets peaking power costs
- Enhances frequency regulation
- Improves voltage stability via B2G (Battery-to-Grid) interactions
c) Renewable Energy Developers
V2G technology helps address solar and wind variability by storing energy in EVs and dispatching it during demand spikes.
- Supports net metering
- Enables time-of-use energy sales
- Fosters integrated B2B energy solutions with energy producers and mobility providers
d) Smart Cities and Commercial Infrastructure
Real estate developers like DLF, Lodha, and Prestige are incorporating V2G technology into energy-responsive buildings.
- Reduces dependency on backup generators
- Creates energy-efficient neighborhoods
- Elevates the sustainability profile of smart cities
4. Technical Landscape: Hardware, Software, and Standards
a) Charging Infrastructure
V2G technology requires specialized bidirectional chargers. CHAdeMO and ISO 15118-compliant CCS2 connectors are essential for grid interaction.
Companies like Delta Electronics India, ABB, and Exicom are already offering V2G-ready AC/DC chargers to fuel the rise of B2B energy solutions.
b) Software Aggregators
Effective deployment of V2G technology relies on cloud-based energy management systems (EMS) that coordinate discharging schedules, grid feedback, and load predictions.
Startups like Kazam and ION Energy are developing real-time dashboards and V2G CMS platforms tailored for B2B energy solutions.
c) Battery Lifecycle Management
One concern with V2G technology is accelerated battery degradation due to additional charge cycles. However, emerging solutions regulate discharges within a 40%–80% State of Charge (SoC) range, minimizing wear and maximizing battery life.
5. Policy and Regulation: Supportive but Evolving
India’s regulatory framework for V2G technology is still in early stages, but several key policies hint at a supportive future for B2B energy solutions:
a) Draft National Energy Storage Policy (2024)
Recognizes V2G technology as a mobile, flexible energy source with mechanisms for energy export licensing and incentives.
b) FAME II & State EV Policies
While focused on vehicle and infrastructure subsidies, states like Delhi, Karnataka, and Maharashtra are exploring pilot programs for V2G technology in public transport and logistics fleets.
c) Tariff Reforms and Net Metering
Utilities like TPDDL (Tata Power Delhi) and BESCOM (Bangalore Electricity Supply Co.) are piloting time-of-use pricing models. This incentivizes EV users to charge during off-peak hours and sell energy during peak demand using V2G technology.
d) Barriers Ahead
- No unified billing standard for energy-exporting EVs
- Interoperability challenges between OEMs and Charge Point Operators
- Absence of standardized bidirectional meters
Still, a comprehensive V2G technology policy framework is expected by late 2025, spearheaded by the Ministry of Power and NITI Aayog.
6. Global Case Studies
Global Learnings:
- UK’s Octopus Energy and Nissan demonstrated £400 annual income per car from V2G
- TEPCO’s V2G-enabled Virtual Power Plant pilot with Mitsubishi is operational since 2020
- Netherlands’ Jedlix platform coordinates grid balancing via private EVs
These examples highlight the scalability and profitability of V2G technology within B2B energy solutions.
7. The Road Ahead: Preparing B2B Stakeholders for the V2G Era
For companies operating in energy, mobility, or infrastructure, the adoption of V2G technology presents an unavoidable paradigm shift.
Key action points for B2B players:
- Invest in V2G-compatible EVs and chargers
- Partner with V2G aggregators and software developers
- Collaborate with utilities to design revenue-sharing models
- Advocate for inclusion in pilot programs and tariff reforms
- Train staff in predictive analytics, grid integration, and EMS platforms
By 2027, India is expected to surpass 10 million EVs—a massive pool of flexible, distributed energy storage. Tapping into this through V2G technology and smart B2B energy solutions will reshape both transport and power sectors.
Conclusion: The Future is Bidirectional
V2G technology represents more than just a technical upgrade—it’s a strategic convergence of energy and mobility. For Indian businesses, it offers a pathway to optimize assets, monetize idle time, reduce carbon footprint, and strengthen partnerships with utilities.
The integration of V2G technology into B2B energy solutions is not a distant dream but an imminent reality. Companies that begin investing today—through pilots, partnerships, or product development—will hold the competitive edge in tomorrow’s intelligent energy landscape.