In recent years, India’s startup ecosystem has surged ahead in battery technology innovation. Established players are feeling the heat as ambitious new companies are rewriting the rules. Such disruption isn’t limited to mere tweaks—it often involves ground-up rewrites of battery technology, from chemistry to manufacturing, integration, swapping, and recycling.
1. Emergence of Next‑Gen Chemistry
Two fundamental changes are occurring: sodium-ion batteries and solid-state batteries. Na-ion technology provides lower costs due to materials being in abundant supply, with India taking the lead.
Faradion, a subsidiary of Reliance Industries, has developed sodium-ion cell technology that is most efficient for e-bikes and e-scooters. Their sodium-ion battery cell has a density of around 160 Wh/kg and can exceed 300 cycles.
At the same time, Ola Electric is working on solid-state battery technology that will have much safer battery chemistry, longevity and charging times. Their gigafactory, already built, will be to the specifications of the manufacturing and supply chain needed to generate 1.5 GWh of next generation cells, also focusing on the 4680-cell design.
These changes are indicators that India is making a serious commitment to innovating battery technology that goes beyond lithium-ion cells – and they are putting the ecosystem in the forefront of global competition.
2. Deep‑Tech Materials: Graphene & Aluminium-Air
Companies are experimenting with advanced materials to overcome cost, energy density, and safety limitations of lithium-ion tech:
Log9 Materials, founded in 2015, combines graphene nanotech with aluminium-air and lithium-ion cells, has 16 graphene patents, a commercial cell line, and BIS approval for LTO batteries. However, the journey has seen turbulence.
Beyond that, startups are exploring aluminium-ion chemistry—a safer, recyclable route to boost battery technology without cobalt or flammable electrolytes.
By advancing novel anodes and electrolytes, Indian startups are redefining the core battery technology paradigm.
3. Custom and Swappable Modules
Increasing demand for custom, modular and swappable battery systems is prevalent.
Cygni Energy designs custom Lithium Ion packs for scooters and e-rickshaws containing thermal control, GPS, and automatic cell balancing, which are all features of commercial and shared mobility.
SUN Mobility unveiled the modular battery technology, which supports its S2.1 packs and SwapX stations. The company wants to support 1 million EVs by the end of 2025, and it aims to maximize usage through swapping networks in fleets.
Battery Smart, another battery swapping startup, just closed a $21 M Series B round, underlining investor confidence in modular battery technology for urban use.
These technologies change the industry’s focus from fixed battery ownership to active battery technologies for service mode features.
4. Vehicle‑to‑Grid & Bi‑Directional Systems
Beyond propulsion, emerging startups are unlocking new functionalities in battery technology:
- Delhi‑based Sheru integrates a bi-directional system called NetBat, enabling vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services with BSES Rajdhani ﹘ enhancing grid stability while demonstrating clever resource optimization.
- Magenta Mobility and VoltUp are also working to build smart-grid synergies with battery technology in successful energy partnerships.
This dual-purpose innovation expands the application of battery technology and helps promote new and pragmatic understandings of electric vehicles as a centralized energy resources.
5. Innovation also Applies to Retrofitting Legacy Vehicles
RACE Energy, E-Trio, and E3V Industries are equipping three-wheelers and last-mile delivery vehicles with electric kits and battery systems. Their battery technology is flexible and customizable, designed for installation on older platforms.
Such startups enable EV adoption without requiring whole-vehicle replacements—a powerful use of retrofit-focused battery technology.
6. Integrated Battery Manufacturers
A few startups are integrating full-chain battery technology, from cell to system:
- Wardwizard Innovations has invested ₹650 crore in a Li‑ion cell plant, inaugurating a 1 GWh assembly line in March 2023, providing in-house capacity for downstream EV models.
- Pravaig, maker of DEFY and VEER EVs, is developing its own battery systems and has even earned innovation awards in defence for tactical electric vehicles—another vertical where battery technology meets mission-critical needs.
Their approaches mirror global OEMs aiming for vertical integration to control cost, performance, and supply chain.
7. Massive Investment & Government Boost
India’s ecosystem is attracting a record level of investment into battery technology:
- The India Energy Storage Alliance expects more than $500 M to flow into battery and mobility startups, funding next-gen battery technology; sodium-ion, zinc-based, and metal-air batteries, among others.
- Gigafactory licensing deals are in the works: Amara Raja signed a lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) agreement with Gotion to advance domestic battery technology production.
Subsidies like the FAME‑II program will allow this innovation to advertise the scale needed to exceed legacy systems with indigenous battery technology.
8. Challenges & Lessons Learned
Innovation brings growing pains. These startups face hurdles:
- Log9 highlights the risk and complexity of scaling advanced materials—a reminder that disruptive battery technology must be supported by business viability.
- Ola Electric, while ambitious, must navigate production realities and regulatory pressures to scale solid-state battery technology.
Still, the momentum is building: no major startup failure in vehicle or cell tech, unlike in some global markets.
Summary: A Revolutionary Cascade of Battery Innovation
| Domain | Examples | Impacts |
|---|---|---|
| Advanced Chemistries | Faradion (Na-ion), Ola Electric (solid-state) | Lower cost, safety, new use-cases |
| Smart Materials | Log9 (graphene, aluminium-air) | High density, fast charging |
| Modular Packs | Cygni, SUN Mobility, Battery Smart | Fleet flexibility, fast swaps |
| V2G Systems | Sheru, VoltUp | Grid stability, energy revenue |
| Retrofits | RACE Energy, E3V Industries | Fast EV adoption |
| Cell Makers | Wardwizard, Pravaig | Vertical integration, domestic scale |
| Investment/Policy | IESA’s $500 M eco, FAME-II subsidies, Gotion licensing | Capital + gov support |
Across all these fronts, battery technology is evolving from commodity components into strategic foundations of modular, smart, decentralized energy systems.
The Road Ahead
India’s battery technology revolution is only beginning. Emerging directions include:
- Solid-state, offering high density and safety.
- Cost-effective sodium-ion and metal-air chemistries decoupled from lithium geopolitics.
- Advanced battery technology integration with grid assets and renewable generators.
- Circular-economy battery technology, including second-life usage and recycling.
These disruptions could reduce reliance on imports (from China/S. Korea) and position India as an advanced battery technology hub—not just a consumer.
Yet, scaling remains the central challenge: translating laboratory battery technology breakthroughs into gigafactories, certifications, and viable products will be key.
Final Thoughts
Indian startups are staging a bold disruption in battery technology, from chemistry and materials to systems and services. They are building modules, swapping networks, V2G platforms, retrofits, and factory-scale cell operations—all underpinned by fresh capital and supportive policy.
This multifront approach means change isn’t incremental—it’s structural. As each innovation matures, the cumulative impact will be profound: lower costs, faster charging, circular use, and seamless integration with energy systems.
If these startups can scale responsibly, India won’t just electrify mobility—it’ll invent tomorrow’s battery technology.